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Analysis of Algae oil as a Future source of Energy in Indian Outlook
Abinesh Panneerselvam
2014
The fuels used for transportation are needed to substituted by biofuel from renewable sources. Low biomass and requirement of agriculture land for cultivation restricts to use non edible, edible, unwanted cooking wastes as bio fuel. The Microalgae seem to be the only source of renewable bio fuel, which is capable of meeting the global energy demands. Microalgae utilizes CO2 and sun light for their growth. Microalgae produces greater amount of oil as compared to other crops. This paper provides the appropriate culture method, harvesting method and optimum oil extraction method. This paper shows the current status of work done by several agencies and organizations in the field of algal oil development in India.
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Extraction and Characterization of Biodiesel from Sargassum Whitti Brown Algae from Karwar region
Kishore Naik
2020
Biodiesel, which can also be known as fatty acid methyl ester (FAME), is produced from transesterification of vegetable oils or animal fats with the addition of methanol. Biodiesel is quite similar to petroleum-derived diesel in its main characteristics such as cetane number, energy content, viscosity and phase changes. Biodiesel contains no petroleum products, but it is compatible with conventional diesel and can be blended in any proportion with fossil-based diesel to create a stable biodiesel blend. Therefore, biodiesel has become one of the most common biofuels in the world .This paper describes an approach to extract oil from marine algae Sargassum whitti collected from the coastal region of Karwar, Karnataka, India. and to convert it into biodiesel by using Bling and Dyer(1959). The amount of oil from this algal source varies from 0.5 to 5.0 wt % depending its types. This process yields 15-20% oil from this algae. Characterization of biodiesel shows that unsaturated fatty acid...
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Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology Experimental assessment of productivity, oil-yield and oil-profile of eight different common freshwater-blooming green algae of Kerala
Santhoshkumar Kookal
A B S T R A C T Better strains of green algae of desirable biomass yield and oil characteristics are important to algal-based bio-industries. Biomass-yield per unit time, oil productivity per unit biomass, chemical characteristics of oil, nutritional significance and biofuel potentials of the oil of eight different common freshwater-blooming green-algae are compared. Preliminary screening for lipid richness was carried out using Sudan-black lipid staining method. Selected algae were cultured in Bold's Basal Medium under uniform laboratory condition for 30 days. Fatty acid profiling was done by GCMS and the preliminary biodiesel feasibility was confirmed by FTIR. Percentage composition of omega-3, omega-6 and omega-7 group of fatty acids was used to assess the nutritional value of the oil. Algal biomass yield of the eight species varied from 35.4% to 201.6% mg/L/Day. The biomass-yield and oil productivity of Keratococcus bicaudatus is reported for the first time, which is quite comparable to Botryococcus spp., one of the universally well known species in this regard. Another species Monoraphidium obtusum is observed to contain good quantity of omega-3 fatty acids (13.18%). The oil of the different species of algae showed 6.06–82.14% saturated fatty acids, 1.14–25.92% monounsaturated fatty acids and 0.79–41.26% polyunsaturated fatty acids. Since C14 to C18 fatty acids are considered as the feed-stock for quality based biodiesel, presence of such fatty acids in the oil of all these algae is a preliminary indication for biodiesel feasibility of the same, further confirmed by FTIR of its methyl esters.
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Preparation of Algae Biodiesel
IJIRT Journal
As Biodiesel is emerging as an important promising alternative energy resource which can be used to or even replace the usage of petroleum diesel. Biodiesel is a domestic, renewable fuel for diesel engines derived from natural oils like Edible and Non-Edible oil, and which meets the specifications of ASTM D 6751. Technically, biodiesel is a diesel engine fuel comprised of mono-alkyl esters of long chain fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats and meeting the requirements of ASTM D 6751. Algae are a filamentous waste plant growing in any type of water such as fresh, sea water etc. Normally algae are regarded as a menace in water bodies. There are various methods for extracting the oil from algae, such as Mechanical Press Method, Hexane Solvent Extraction Method, Microwave Extraction Method, etc. The paper discusses experimental method developed for the extraction of oil from algae which is collected from canals of Salaimendha Dam, we are using hexane solvent extraction Method.
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Characterization of Algal Oils and Their Potential as Biofuel in Pakistan
ABU SWALIHA MUHAMMAD
Biodiesel is becoming increasingly attractive fuel because of its ecological advantages. Algae are the fastest-growing plants on the earth and macroalgae are rich in storage lipids that have potential to be converted to biodiesel. In the present study, three high oil yielding, naturally occurring algal species i.e., Cladophora sp. Spirogyra sp. and Oedogonium sp. were collected and their potential was evaluated for oil yields and characterized for lipids composition. Biomass from three different algae was obtained by cultivating in the individual aquarium for about three months. The oil was extracted by solvent extraction method using soxhlet apparatus. These oils were analyzed for lipid contents using thin layer chromatography. Among all the oils extracted from these algae, the lipid contents of Oedogonium sp. were found to be highest. Oil yield of Oedogonium sp. was 26% (based on dry matter) and contained triacylglycerol, free fatty acids and sterol. Algae can be a substitute for ...
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Production of Biodiesel from Fresh Water Algae and Comparison of Algal Biodiesel with Standard Biodiesel and Diesel
Arghya Sen
2021
Abstract: Biodiesel is Biodegradable, Non toxic, less CO2, NOX emission. Continuous use of petroleum sourced fuels is now widely recognized as unsustainable because of depleting supplies and the contribution of these fuels to the accumulation of Carbon dioxide in the environment. Biodiesel derived from oil crops is a potential renewable and carbon neutral alternative to petroleum fuels. Unfortunately, Biodiesel from oil crops, waste cooking oil animal fat cannot realistically satisfy even a small fraction of the existing demand for transport fuels. Algae have emerged as one of the most promising sources for Biodiesel production. It can be inferred that Algae grown in CO2 enriched air can be converted to oily substances. Such an approach can contribute to solve major problems of air pollution resulting from CO2 evolution and future crisis due to a shortage of energy sources. In the current study, Algal species were collected from Fresh water Algae from Bam Khadi at Shanker talav, Dun...
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Physico-Chemical Characterization of Algal oil: a Potential Biofuel
Kiran Toppo
ajebs.com
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Oil extraction from algae: A comparative approach
Mohammad Hamidi
Biotechnology and Applied Biochemistry, 2014
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Biodiesel production from microalgal isolates of southern Pakistan and quantification of FAMEs by GC-MS/MS analysis
Nurul Kabir
Chemistry Central Journal, 2012
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Production of Biodiesel from Algae
Ihsan Khan
Biodiesel has gained much attention in recent years due to its eco-friendly nature, non-toxic characteristics, biodegradability and lower net carbon cycle compared to conventional diesel fuels. In the current study, potential algal specie Spirogyra were collected from different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan and employed as a feedstock for biodiesel production. In the first step, oil from algae specie was extracted using n-Hexane and Di-ethyl Ether as solvents, while in the second stage; extracted oil was converted into biodiesel via transestrification reaction. The effects of solvent to oil ratio, size of algal biomass and contact time were studied on the percentage yield of oil extracted. The maximum extracted oil was 0.09 fraction of biomass, by using a blend of both solvents at solvent to biomass ratio of 3.5, algal biomass size of 0.4 mm and contact time of 24 hours. While in transestrification reaction, effects of molar ratio, temperature, reaction time and amount of catalyst (Sodium Hydroxide) were evaluated on the amount of biodiesel produced. Almost 95% conversion of extracted oil into biodiesel was achieved after 25 minutes of contact time at 60 o C with catalyst amount of 0.5% weight of oil and oil to methanol ratio of 8.
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